Improvement in cooking-stoves



Cook Stove.

Patented April 12. 1864" PETERS. Phuw-mmanW-m Washingiun. D. c.

- c, has the usual pot-holes.

MARSHALL D. W ELLMAN, OF

ATENT F F ICE PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN COOKING-STOVES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 42,321. dated April 12, 1864.

T0 aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MARsHALL D. WELL- MAN, of the city of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cooking-Stoves; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, riferen e being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, which represents the front portion of a cookingstove, being that part. to which my improvements aie applicable.

In the drawing, a a are the side plates of the stove, b the bottom plate, 0 the top plate, and d the front plate. The top plate,

The front plate, d, extends downward to the bottom of the gratei barsf, &c.,.leaving an open space in front, below the gratebtrs, which extends back ward to the back plates, 6, of the front portlon of} the cooking-stove. The back plate, 0, extends upward from the bottom plate to the top of bridge or fire wall g, and between that point i and the top plate is the flue or passage for the heated air, flame, and smoke to pass over the oven and through the rear portion ofthe cooking-stove (not shown in the drawing) to the chimney.

In the drawing a part of the front and top i platesare represented as being removed to exhibit the construction of the grate-bars, fire- 5' chamber, and bridge-wall.

The firechamher of my cooking stove is, lined along the front and on. each side with tile or plates of fireclay or iron, which exi tends from the level of the top of the gratebars to the top of the bridge-wall g on the two sides and a little higher in front. The bridge-wall or back fire-wall, g, inclines from the top of the grate-bars upward toward the front of the stove at an angle of about fortyfive degrees, or may be made perpendicular, {I

like the other sides of the fire-chamber, in which case it is fluted, as hereinafter described.

The slope of the back wall is designed to prevent the coal used as fuel from lying close up against the back wall and adhering thereto when the fuel is in a soft state, as bituminous coal is apt to do when burned in a fire-chamber with perpendicular sides- By making the back wall incline over the fire at an angle of about foity-five degrees this is prevented, because coal, when broken up to the size used or fuel and thrown together loosely, will stand in apile, the sides of which have about that angle to the horizon, the angle at which the'coal will thus naturally stand being that which I desire to use for the back wall of my cooking-stove. This conformation of the back wall leaves room for the air to pass up through the grate bars at the back part of the fire-chamber between the fuel and the back wall, which makes the fuel burn better and causes the smoke and gas to be more completely consumed, whereby a larger amount of heat is produced from an equal quantity of fuel than is the case in the ordinary cooking-stoves, and a clearer fire for cooking is obtained.

The inner walls of the fire-chamber, atthe two sides and in front, have perpendicular flutes or recesses 71, which occur in the front wall and in the back wall, if it is made perpendicular, just over the spaces between the grate bars, and in the side walls they are at uniform distances apart, and all open into a space between a grate-bar and the side wall, so as to allow the air a free passage up the .side walls of the fire-chamber.

recesses extend from the level of the gratebars to the highest point at which the fuel usually reaches in the fire-chamber, and they are larger at bottom than to top, gradually tapering upward, so as to cause any ashes or cinders which may enter them to drop out between the grate-bars. In the front Wall of the firechamber, just above the top of the grate, there are several square apertures, h h, which extend through the front plate of stove and enter at the bottom of the flutes or recesses t in the front wall. These apertures may be closed by a sliding plate, 75, placed on the outside of the front plate of the stove. The sliding plate has square holes through it which correspond in size and position with the apertures in the wall of the stove, so that by sliding the plate 70 to one side or the other the apertures may be opened or partially or entirely closed, so as to admit more or less air into the fluted recesses in the front wall of the stove, and through these apertures the poker may be inserted to stir the fire when needed.

The grate-bars ff are of the shape shown thev in the drawing, each having a recess below the top of the bar, in which recess lies a slat, l, the slat and recess together being of the same width as the top of the bar, so that the slat does not contract the space between the bars when hanging perpendicularly. Each slat has a pin, 19, projecting fiom each end' near its upper edge, and a similar pin, q, projecting from the front end near its lower edge. The upper pins,p, serve as journals, which enter suitable holes in the front and back plates of the stove and form the turning points of the slats. The slats are of such width that when turned on their pivots to one side they press against the side of the grate-bar next to. them and close up the space between the bars, and, being of the same length as the bars,

when closed they prevent the passage of air between the grate-bars to the fire. These slats are turned simultaneously by means of the sliding bars 4", the lower pins, g, at the front end of the slats entering holes in the sliding bars, so that when the bars r are pushed to one side the slats close the space between the gratebars, and when pushed back open them.

'For the sake of convenience, there are two sliding bars, one operating half of the slats and the other bar the remainder. The sliding bars may be retained in either position, with the slats open or shut, by means of a spring, 8, pressing against the under side of the sliding bar.

The objects of my invention are to effect a saving of fuel, to produce a more perfect combustion of the fuel and of the smoke and gas evolved therefrom, and to give more complete control over the fire, all of which are very important to the successful operation of cookingstoves. When it is desired to have the fire and the coal begins to be coked, having parted with the most part of its smoke. a strong draft of air is injurious, as the fuel does not need it to promote combustion. and the air passing rapidly over the tire and up the chimney carries off a great deal of heat. The slats between the grate-bars may then be closed, which leaves open only the apertures in the front of the stove. These a-irmssages will furnish enough of air for the combustion of the fuel during the cooking, and will keep up a very good fire and give more heat with less fuel than any other stove I have ever seen. If there are two slides, k, to cover the apertures in the front wall ofthe stove one in front of each pot holethe fire. may be so regulated as to have a hotter tire on one. side of the stove than on the other; and so with the slats, onehalf may be opened while the remainder are closed.

With a little attention to the opening and closing of the slats and airpassages the tire. in the stovewill be very readily con rolled, and when the stove is not used in co king the fire may be allowed to get very l v. and yet will keep lighted (by closing up all the air-passages) for a long time, and yetthe stove can be very quickly heated up, when required, by opening them again.

What I claim as my invention, and desre tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The use, in the walls of the tire chamber of cooking-stoves, of flutes or air-passages extending upward from the spaces or openings between the grate-bars, and diminishing in size from below upward, in combination with movable slats or strips for closing and opening the air passages or spaces between the bars, and thus regulating the supply of air between the grate-bars and into the flutes, substantially as described.

2. The use, in cooking-stoves. of a back wall sloping from a point at or below the, level of the gratebars, and extending upward and.

forward so as to overhang the fire, ,substan tially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said MARSHALL D. XVELLMAN, have hereunto set myhand. MARSHALL D. WELLMAN. In presence of- JAMES OLD, W. BAKEWELL. 

